Why have there been so many wars in the Middle-East since 1945 Essay

Why have there been so many wars in the Middle-East since 1945 - Essay Example Moreover, what scholars suggest the reason for Middle Eastern Muslim decline after 1945 escorts to their inefficiency in making clear choice between war and other formal types of capital formation. This paper will analyse the causes that act as catalyst in initiating Middle Eastern wars since 1945. Analysis will revolve around the concern over factors that led to wars including the legacy of colonialism and superpower rivalry and will examine the contribution of the West in enhancing these factors in the region. Nevertheless, the paper will assess the most common perception that dominates the West by prejudicial images of Arabs. These images were not a brand new creation and were present even before the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The paper will answer the demanding explanation of what factors were present that exaggerated the root cause of continuous wars. â€Å"Four large-scale modern wars during the past two decades has what lead the Middle East towards chronicle instability† (Richards 1995). These are the words of one of many scholar professors that dig deeper into the root causes behind this regions fallacy. The people of the Middle East have been the victims of some of the most aggressive and predatory policies outside powers. Though they have remained undaunted to take part in the rivalries but have suffered through the alliances conducted by the superpowers, like the USSR and United States. Such rivalry turned out to be a conflict which manifested in many ways and have been the reason for suffering through a continuity of wars. Sufferance was due to actual warfare witnessing extreme political violence and factors that rise due to consequences like low-intensity conflict, perceived failure of diplomacy, deadly propaganda, political and economic boycotts, disputes over land and water, resistance to occupation and deeply in grained cultures of antagonism (Milton & Hinchcliffe 2004, p. 2). As Milton & Hinchcliffe (2004, p. 2)

Shear box Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shear box - Lab Report Example Introduction In soil mechanics, the term shear strength describes the magnitude of a shear stress that the soil can sustain (Roscoe 34). On the other hand, shear resistance of a soil occurs as a result of interlocking of particles and particle friction and possibly the bonding or cementation at particle contacts (Roscoe 45). Particle interlocking may cause a material to contact or expand in volume because of being subjected to shear strain (Poulos 560). As soil expands in volume, the density of its particles decreases causing its strength to decrease. This way, the peak strength is followed by the reduction in shear stress. It is always important to understand different values of Shear Strength of a soil sample (Schofield 20). This is because materials differ in their characteristics and tend respond differently when subjected to similar or different load conditions. This means that for one to design a project, he/she must understand the type of soil considering their variations in S hear Strength.In soil mechanics, Shear Strength is given by the formula ?f = c + ?n tan?----------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) c stands for cohesion, ? as an effective normal stress, ? as the angle of friction, ?f as the shear strength, and the shear box test, is defined by BS 1337: This experiment deals with shear resistance of a soil sample. ... The shearing resistance offered by the soil as one portion was made to slide on the other and measured at regular intervals of displacement. It was noted that failure occurred whenever the shearing resistance reached the maximum value that the soil could sustain. After obtaining the Shear strength it was plotted against horizontal displacement and on a separate graph, it was plotted against normal effective stress. The vertical displacement was also plotted against the horizontal displacement. Relevant calculation and interpretation were made and compared for purposes of making inference. Procedure In this experimental set up the first step entailed assembling the empty shear box without an upper and loading platens. In doing this, the two halves had to be screwed together. Screws marked â€Å"L† were in position as this was done. While ensuring that the apparatus move freely on the runners of the shear box, the box was filled with sand, which was then leveled off approximatel y 1 mm below the top of this box. The top platen was then placed on the sand. The platen was loaded on the top platen. The ball bearing was put in place. The hanger was then placed on the ball bearing and the weight was added on this hanger. The apparatus were adjusted to take up slack followed by reducing the proving ring dial gauge to zero. The two screws that held the lower and upper halves of the bow together were removed and screwed in those screws, which were marked â€Å"L†. After resistance was felt, each was adjusted further in ensuring the two halves get slightly separated. The motor was switched on and the maximum reading recorded on a proving ring dial gauge. The hallmark of the experiment when the circuit was switched off followed by slackening off the apparatus.